Position papers Brazil

Committee Name: ECOSOC
Agenda: Global Warming and the world economy

The UNFCC states that -Climate regime is one of the most comprehensive and ambitious of all environmental regimes,as it links in a very direct way the efficient use of energy,one of the most crucial economic issues,to the strongest environmental threats.The journey of Brazil and its international negotiations in this respect have led to a significant conclusion.
Rio 1992 summit emphasized on the reduction of Green House Gases for Brazil.Next was the Kyoto agreement over protocol which brought notice to fast growing emission rates of countries like Brazil whereas building up of consistent market economies and political democracy in Brazil was commended. Brazil implemented new technological assertiveness in bringing about environmental awareness and promoting green change and hence adopting greener techniques for production. It essentially produces only
2.5% of worlds carbon emission considering industry ,energy,transportation,land use, land change and cattle ranch wih a deforestation rate of 0.5% per year.Carbon emissions coming from the modern sector of the economy are very low considering the main source of energy in Brazil is hydropower.Cattle raising causes the largest emissions since Brazil has the largest herds of cattle in the world and because of the large methane emissions coming from them.They were three important conclusions of the Kyoto for Brazil-

1.It being an intermediate country(being out of the obligatory commitments of reducing carbon emissions)
2. To have an energy matrix with high concentration on hydroelectricity
3.It has been declared very clean on the point of view of greenhouse emissions – 16 % of forest cover of the world.
Also developments such as brazilian scientists participate n the IPCC reports and promised funds from The World Business Council for Sustainable Development has put Brazil on the world map as far as fighting climate change is concerned.
Since Brazil is worst as far as economic condition the growth rate is concerned- 3 % which is less than global average and since climate change has its direct implications on the poorest of poor the Brazilian Government will take the stance of eradicating poverty and promoting sustainability and this should only come after a dramatic development of the countries economy and increase of per capita income at the same level of the developing economies.We also reiterate that the burden of paying global environmental protection should lie solely with the developed countries.
Other goals include promoting financial and technical support or the adaptation and mitigation policies which would also give us more importance in the Copenhagen summit 2009 and the G8 summit.Also we would like to promote the clean development mechanism and use the Amazon forests as our trump card rather than a disadvantage.It can be seen as a viable carbon sink for greener processes and carbon sequestration.In the process we would also like to involve market programs in the use of forests and form a stronger bond with India,China,Indonesia and South Africa to reach our proposed goals.

Leela Raina
Delegate of BRAZIL

Commitee name : ECOSOC
Agenda : Labour Migration

According to the research conducted by the ILO-Two characteristics of Brazil’s economy seem to make labour particularly vulnerable to cyclical upturns one is extreme poverty and steep inequalities in the distribution of income-44% of Latin Americas poor are in Brazil.The other distinctive trait is the highly segmented labour market where a vast informal sector coexists with a modern and competitive industry.
This has its direct implications on the migration of labour.In a way we could say that Labour Migration stems from the very grassroot shifts in the labour market.
Currently in Brazil- Job creation is impressive but import substitution industrialization is not able to extend minimum wage and legal protection to all its workers.Hence,by reducing widespread informality and the tax evasion that it entails will be essential for improving growth of labour performance through a better use of labour inputs. It may well also contribute to alleviating income disparities. Low human capital is a key determinant of informality, but several features of the existing social protection programmes discourage the formalisation of labour relations. Internal migration from the poor areas to the more industrialized areas has been taking place from the beginning of the century.Sao Paulo being the most attractive destination for migration.
The Brazilian government aims to reduce government spending and deregulate market forces that reduce the high social costs in the economy.Also it aims to change the education and vocational training.There is no national system of skills certification in Brazil .This prevents the marketability of the human capital acquired through labour training. A national skills certification system should therefore be introduced. As a first step in this direction the pilot certification programmes that are currently in place in the industrial sector in the metropolitan region of São Paulo could be extended to other sectors, such as construction and services, where informality is more widespread, and to the poorer regions of the country. National standards should be set and compliance monitored regularly and transparently. To the extent that less educated workers who are currently trapped in the informal sector may acquire marketable skills through labour training, they can compensate for a lack of formal education

Leela Raina
Delegate of BRAZIL